In the majority of fields, the technique of doctoral levels is 2-tier, the degree of licentiate is an unbiased academic diploma but finishing the degree of doctor doesn't call for completion of the licentiate degree. The polytechnics (universities of used sciences) have the appropriate to award bachelor's and grasp's degrees; https://jili-slot27147.bloggip.com/39706417/the-basic-principles-of-educational-qualifications-for-rrb-je